11 КЛАСС, ТЕМА

       Ecological problems

Since ancient times Nature has served Man, being the sourse of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with the environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited.

But with the development of civilization man’s interference in nature began to increase.                                                                                                               

Among the most pressing problems are:

1) Global warning (глобальное потепление)

2) Greenhouse effect (парниковый эффект)

3) Littering, water and air pollution (industrial waste-промышленные отходы)

4) Destruction of natural resources

5) Deforestation

·        Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises have appeared all over the world. Their activity pollutes the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow grain and vegetables.

·        Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with millions of tons of dust.

·        Many cities suffer from smog.

·        Vast forests are cut down and burned in fire. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of rivers and lakes dry up.

In 1986 Belorussian people faced the most horrible man made ecological disaster. About 18 per cent of the territory of Belarus was contaminated (были загрязнены). Today we have a great increase in children cancer and leukemia.

Judging from the statistics:

In Africa and Asia about 80% of all energy comes from wood. The burning the fossil fuels and wood leads to the Greenhouse Effect.

Now, some interesting facts:

1. In central London 40.000 cars every hour use the roads, causing pollution.

2. Growing coffee causes deforestation.

3. Every year around 2 million sea birds die after eating plastic bottles.

4. It costs around $150 million to clean gum off the UK streets. Chewing gum is illegal in Singapore.

Taking everything into consideration, our future looks very sad.

It’s time we asked ourselves a question:

-         “What can I do to protect  nature”?

There are four solutions to the environmental problems: FOUR Rs: REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE, RESPECT

Everyone can do a little to protect the environment:

a) Plant a tree in your yard.

b) Conserve energy.

c) Switch off lights when you leave a room.

d) Take a shower instead of a bath.

e) Prefer to walk, ride the bike.

f) Collect and use rainwater.

g) We should remove factories from cities.

t) Reduce , recycle our wastes.

We should realize that we are all responsible (ответственные) for our planet and we must think about future of the world we live in.

7 КЛАСС, ЗАДАНИЕ НА 06.12

Перед выполнением упражнений ознакомьтесь с правилом

Герундий

Герундий – это неличная форма глагола, сочетающая свойства глагола и существительного. Соответствующей формы в русском языке нет. По назначению к герундию близки такие русские отглагольные существительные как чтение, ожидание (reading, waiting) и т.п. К глагольным свойствам относится наличие форм залога и относительного времени (таких же, как и у причастия), возможность иметь дополнение и определяться наречием. Как и существительное, герундий может быть в предложении подлежащим, частью составного сказуемого, прямым и предложным дополнением, определением, обстоятельством. Ему могут предшествовать определители: местоимения и существительные в притяжательном падеже, предлоги, что не характерно для причастия.

Образование герундия

Герундий образуется с помощью окончания -ing, прибавляемого с соответствующими орфографическими изменениями к инфинитиву любого глагола:

to run - running
to live - living

Отрицательная форма герундия образуется при помощи отрицательной частицы not, которая ставится перед формой герундия:

for coming in time - за то, что пришел вовремя
for not coming in time - за то, что не пришел вовремя

Герундий никогда не имеет артикля и формы множественного числа и этим он отличается от существительного. Различие между существительным с окончанием -ing и герундием заключается в том, что существительное с -ing обозначает предмет, а герундий передает процесс (-ание, -ение):

Finding a new method is the only way out. (герундий)
Нахождение (чего?) нового метода — единственный выход.

The findings were of great importance. (существительное)
Эти находки имели огромное значение.

Перевод герундия на русский язык

Поскольку формы герундия в русском языке нет, его значение может передаваться существительным, инфинитивом, деепричастием, глаголом в личной форме и придаточным предложением:

Reading English books every day will improve your knowledge of the language.
Ежедневное чтение английских книг улучшит ваше знание языка.

Does your son like skating?
Ваш сын любит кататься на коньках?

Не left the room without saying good-bye or looking at us.
Oн вышел из комнаты, не простившись и не взглянув на нас.

I remember hearing this song in my childhood.
Я помню, что слышал эту песню в детстве.

The patient's quick recovery depends on his following the doctor's advice.
Быстрое выздоровление больного зависит от того, будет ли он следовать советам врача.

Singing is my favourite occupation.	Пение – это моё любимое занятие.	Глаголы: enjoy (любить), hate (ненавидеть), like (любить, нравиться), remember (помнить), mind (возражать), avoid (избегать)
I like singing.	Я люблю петь.
My task was looking after my granny.	Моей задачей было присматривать за бабушкой.	Предлоги: in, at, about, of, with
I’m proud of being a teacher.	Я горжусь тем, что являюсь учителем.

Обратите внимание:  to lie – lying            to die - dying

I. Образуй герундий.

1) – to invite- inviting        8) – to say-

2) – to see –                         9) – to live –

3) – to dance –                    10) – to cry –

4) - to dig –                          11) – to begin –

5) – to make –                      12) –to clean –

6) – to buy –                         13) – to get –

7) – to go –                            14) – to play

II. Переведи

1) Seeing a good film is a pleasure.

2) We began talking.

3) I used to getting up early.

4) After reading the text, we discussed it.

5) I like meeting lots of people.

6) I am thinking of becoming a famous person.

11 КЛАСС, ЗАДАНИЕ НА 29.11.

 Прочитайте. Придумайте по 2 вопроса к каждому пункту

Lesson 5, Ex.2

A. It may be a global issue, but when scientists across the world are asked what the effects of climate change will look like, they quickly point to our country. Of all the wealthy countries, we’re probably in greatest danger.

Due to past carbon emissions the temperatures have risen, but what we do between now and 2050 is crucial for the climate change later this century and beyond. While government assessments predict over 250,000 homes may be at risk from rising sea levels, Greenpeace says climate change will affect us beyond our front doors. Despite knowing the problems faced by one of our best-loved tourist attractions, we’re still not doing enough to protect the Great Barrier Reef. Though chemicals are damaging the reef, climate change and global warming are the greatest dangers to it. A temperature rise between 2 and 3 degrees Celsius would result in 97% of the Great Barrier Reef being destroyed. Reducing greenhouse gases emissions must be of high priority, even if the full consequences of this are not yet understood.

We’re the biggest coal exporter in the world. We might like to think that our own global carbon emissions are small (2% of the global emissions), but they’re much, much greater than that due to our coal exports to the countries of our region like Japan, South Korea, China and even to the Netherlands. If we had developed alternative, renewable energy sources, we’d have fewer problems now. We should be replacing fossil fuels with renewable power. We can become world leaders in solar, wind, marine and geothermal energies.   

B. With so many land-based species endangered, ‘the extinction crisis’ is agreed upon as a serious environmental challenge. We have already seen a fairly disturbing loss of our biodiversity. A number of introduced species have been added to the country’s native flora and fauna. The biodiversity of this large Pacific archipelago is one of the most unusual on Earth. The arrival of humans has presented a challenge for the native species, causing extinction of several. Over 50% of the local bird species are extinct, along with a species of bat and several frogs and a freshwater fish. This place is second only to Hawaii in terms of proportions of species lost. The animals are also in danger because of deforestation and – as a result – destruction of animal habitats.   

C. In 2010 there was an oil spill which is considered the worst in the country’s history. It is estimated that over 205 million gallons (gallon = 3,79 l) of oil were released into the Gulf. If the spill had been stopped earlier, the damage wouldn’t have been so great. Many species could be lost as a result. The beaches of Florida were contaminated. The harmful chemicals caused health problems in people – especially those with heart and lung problems. The real impact on the seafood industry will have long-term consequences. BP (British Petroleum) has been suffering long-term damage as they have been known as the oil company with the most environmentally friendly image. D. It is estimated that more than 1 million tonnes of textiles only are thrown away every year in this country alone. The country consumes natural resources as a terrible rate and contributes unnecessarily to climate change. Each year the population generates approximately 280 million tonnes of waste, which causes environmental damage and costs businesses and consumers a lot of money. The government and the people are doing a lot to reduce the waste some of which is reused or recycled. According to RecycleNow, the country’s recycling policy saves more than 18 million tonnes of carbon dioxide a year – equivalent to taking 5 million cars off the road! If more waste was reduced, greenhouse emissions from landfills (places where rubbish is buried) could be reduced too. Moreover, landfills are a danger to local ground water supplies. Every time it rains, water drains through the rubbish, and picks up chemicals and hazardous materials. The water collects at the bottom of the landfill, often in large amounts and can become very toxic.

E. Polar bears may only be around for another 100 years because global warming is destroying their habitat. As the Earth gets hotter, sea ice melts, and this sea ice is a huge part of the polar bears' lives. They use it as a platform to stand on when they catch seals to eat, and also walk on sea ice to get to their homes - dens. Already some polar bears, in places like Hudson Bay, are beginning to struggle because of the effects of global warming.

The sea ice is melting at a speed of 9% a year, and when it's all gone the polar bears will have to find new ways of living before they become extinct. Other bears have learnt to change their habits, but polar bears need the fat from seals to get through the winter. Arctic animals like polar bears could be completely killed off because they are also eating poisonous chemicals made by humans. Scientists have found dangerous chemicals we make have reached the food chain of animals in the Arctic circle. Poisons from plastics and electrical goods can take years to break down and disappear. But they are carried along in water for hundreds of kilometres. Eventually they get into food and water eaten by smaller animals and fish. Inuit Eskimo communities are eating the food too, which could seriously damage them. Most countries have now banned the use of these chemicals in their plastics. But some - like Russia and the US - still use some dangerous chemicals.

F. On 26 April 1986 one of four reactors exploded after an experiment at the nuclear power plant northwest of the Ukrainian city of Chernobyl. As a result, a fire burnt for nine days and at least 100 times more radiation than the atom bombs dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima was released into the air. 25 years later, we still don’t know the real effects of the disaster. From 2006 to 2009 a group of scientists from different countries counted and examined wildlife including insects, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. The scientists say radioactive contamination in the Chernobyl exclusion zone has a serious impact on biodiversity in Ukraine and the neighbouring Belarus. According to their research, the number of mammals has decreased. Scientists in Ukraine criticized these conclusions. They say that because of the low level of human influence the biodiversity has increased. Many scientists recommend that the governments should turn this place into a wildlife haven – a natural laboratory where they can study the long-term consequences of this kind of accident. One of the scientists said, ”If people were more careful in general, the accident would never have happened. Let’s try and be more careful at least now and not jump to conclusions.”    

7 КЛАСС, ЗАДАНИЕ НА 16.11.

На что нужно обратить внимание перед выполнением домашнего задания (WILF- What I'm looking for). Вы должны:

1) повторить и выучить правило в учебнике.
2) понимать о чем говорится в предложениях.
3) знать как образуется Present Perfect и Present Perfect Continuous.
4) знать когда нужно использовать Present Perfect, а когда Present Perfect Continuous.

I. Напишите правильный вариант. 
1. Nina (has been learning/ has learned) English for 2 years.
2. She (has been playing/ has played) tennis since she was eight.
3. The birds (have already flown/ have been coming) to the South.
4. The train (has just come/ has been coming).
5. She (has been teaching/ has taught) at this school for twenty years.

II. Поставь правильную форму: Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous.
Пример: She/ clean/ the flat/ for four hours. She has been cleaning the flat for four hours.
She/ do/ two rooms. She has done two rooms.
1. I /read/ Tolstoy stories/ in the park for two hours.
2. I/ red/ three stories.
3. Granny/knit/ in the living room/ since morning.
4. She/ knit/ a sweater/ for me.
5. My sister/ skate/ since childhood.
6. She/ take part/ in many competitions.

7 КЛАСС, ЗАДАНИЕ НА 15.11

Перевод пройденных слов:

a couch potato - лежебока; hard-working - трудолюбивый, усердный; serious - серьёзный; talkative - разговорчивый; kind-hearted - добросердечный; nosy - любопытный; honest - честный; shy - застенчивый.

1. Найдите правильную пару.

1) Snow-white                         a) сделанный во Франции

2) Long-sleeved                       b) совершенно новый

3) Brand-new                           c) близорукий

4) French-made                        d) глухонемой

5) Short-sighted                        e) холоднокровный

6) Cold-blooded                        f) с длинными рукавами

7) Deaf-mute                             g) белоснежный

2. Выберете правильный вариант.

1) She is a (well-known/ nice-known) writer.

2) She prefers (short-sleeved/ hard-sleeved) dresses.

3) I like my friend's appearance. She is a (good-looking/ nice-looking) girl.

3. Опишите одного из своих одноклассников по образцу, используя уже известные и выученные на уроке прилагательные.

Образец: 

1. He/she enjoys ... . 
2. He/she is ... .
3.  He's/she's got ... . 
4. He/she looks like... . 

Данный образец можно дополнить своими предложениями составленными из слов, пройденных на предыдущем уроке и повысить балл за это задание. Вот эти слова: to share, to fall out, to call names, to get on, to have in common, to be there for someone.       

ВНИМАНИЕ:

Полностью правильно выполненное домашнее задание оценивается в 24 балла, что соответствует отметке 10. Задание 1 оценивается в 7 баллов, задание 2 - в 6 баллов, задание 3 - в 11 баллов. Ниже представлено количество баллов и соответствующая отметка:

3-5 б. - 3

6-8 б. - 4

9-11 б. - 5

12- 14 б. - 6

15-17 б. - 7

18-20 б. - 8

21-23 б. - 9

24 б. -10

7 КЛАСС, ЗАДАНИЕ НА 14.10

Перед выполнением упражнений вспомните, как образуется The Present Perfect Continuous Tense. При выполнении упражнений мы будем использовать именно это время! Смотрите таблицу ниже:

Упражнение 1. Переведи.

1. Он смотрит телевизор с самого утра.

2.Он работает в больнице уже 12 лет.

3. Мы ждем его уже целую неделю.

4. Она учит английский с детства.

Упражнение 2. Найди и исправь ошибку.

1. I am waiting here for an hour.

2. She works in Brest since February.

3. My brother have been studying languages for two years.

4. It has been raining since weeks.

7 КЛАСС, ЗАДАНИЕ НА 12.10

Уважаемые учащиеся , перед выполнением упражнения еще раз повторите правило!

Употребление too и enough

Употребление наречия too:

Наречие too употребляется  вместе с прилагательными и наречиями. Его место в предложении – перед упомянутыми частями речи. Рассмотрим это на примерах:

He’s too lazy to work. – Он очень ленив, чтобы работать. (с прилагательным)

She drives too quickly. – Она ездит слишком быстро. (с наречием)

Часто употребление too можно увидеть с наречиями этой же группы (меры и степени) – many / much и little. В первом случае сочетание too many /too much будет переводиться как «слишком много», а во втором too little – «слишком мало». Например:

I can’t discuss the problem. I know too little about it. – Я не могу обсуждать эту проблему. Я слишком мало знаю о ней.

Употребление наречия enough:

Наречие enough употребляется не только с прилагательными и наречиями, но и с существительными. Обратите внимание, что enough мы ставим перед существительным, но после прилагательного и наречия.

Try this jacket on and see if it’s big enough for you. – Примерь эту куртку и посмотри, достаточно ли велика она тебе. (после прилагательного)

You know well enough. – Вы прекрасно знаете. (после наречия)

I couldn’t make coffee for everybody. There weren’t enough cups. – Я не могла сделать кофе всем. Было недостаточно чашек. (перед существительным)

I’d like to visit France, but I haven’t got enough money. – Я бы хотела посетить Францию, но у меня нет достаточной суммы денег на это. (перед существительным)

Упражнение 1:

1. Your child is only five, he is not old (too/enough) to go to school.

2. These shoes are (too/enough) big for me.

3. There wasn’t (too/enough) room for everybody.

4. The car wasn’t big (too/enough).

5. He isn’t experienced (too/enough) to have a job.

6. I am afraid he is (too/enough) old to drive a car.

7. Do we have (too/enough) money to take a taxi?