ТЕМЫ 2021 

Outstanding People of Belarus

Belarus is a talented nation. Many achivements of Belarusian writers, musicians, sportsmen, scientist are marked as significant for the world.  Among those who made the greatest contribution to the development of Belarusian culture and science are Euphrosynya Polotskaya, Kirill Turovsky, Symon Budny and Francisk Scoryna.

The names of Yanka Kupala, Maxim Bogdanovich, Vladimir Korotkevich, Vasil Bykov are world-famous. 

But the most famous is Svetlana Alexievich who has become the only Nobel Prize winner in Literature from Belarus. She was born in 1948. After finishing school Alexievich entered the Belarusian State University and became a correspondent for the literary magazine "Neman" in Minsk. Her most famous books are dedicated to World War II, the Soviet-Afghan War and the Chernobyl Disaster.  In 2015 Svetlana was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. 

Belarusian sportsmen are also known in the world. Among the sports stars are Olga Korbut, Maxim Mirny, Alexander Medved and Darya Domracheva. 

( Материалы взяты из книги Сергиенко, Н.А. Topics for your English exam and everyday studies. Form 10.Подготовка к экзамену по английскому языку: пособие для учащихся учреждений общ. среднего образования. - Мозырь: Выснова: 2018. - 118 [2] С. 87, 88 )

Science in Belarus

   The most important science and technology institutions in Belarus are: The Academy of Sciences of Belarus, The Belarusian State University, The Belarusian National Technical University, The Belarusian State Technological University, The Republic Scientific and Technical Library. 

   The National Academy of Sciences of Belarus is the most important state scientific organisation of the Republic of Belarus. It was established in 1929 in Minsk. Some institutions are situated in regional centers of Belarus - Brest, Gomel, Grodno, Mogilev and Vitebsk. The NAS is the leading research center in Belarus. 

   The Belarusian State University is a leading scientific and educational center of the Republic of Belarus. It was founded in Minsk in 1921.

ART

In fact art is everywhere: when we see a child with a box of crayons, when we decorate our home with pictures, when we read books, watch TV, visit art galleries or listen to music while walking along the street. Most people will agree that art is something that is beautiful or unusual, that makes us think, has a great influence on our souls, feelings and moral values. Art develops imagination and good taste. Art has no language time or distance barriers. The language of art is universal as it shows us people's dreams, hopes and fears. Art can say what cannot be said. 

The traditional arts include literature, music, dance, theatre, painting and drawing, sculpting and architecture. New forms of art have emerged in the 20th century: cinema, photography, collage, installation, graffity, design, comics and video. 

Art is linked to our history and reflects modern life and people's ideals.  (Сергиенко, Н.А. Topics for your English exam and everyday studies. Form 10.Подготовка к экзамену по английскому языку: пособие для учащихся учреждений общ. среднего образования. - Мозырь: Выснова: 2018. - 118 [2] С. 34, 35 )

9 КЛАСС, ТЕМА

Modern means of communication

When we talk about modern means of communication we think about the Internet and mobile phones. Mobile phone technology has changed the way people communicate to each other. With the help of modern mobile phones we can share documents, music, films or send fast messages to your siblings, friends and colleagues.  Text messaging is the most convenient, fastest and cheapest form of communication. That’s why social networking websites such as Facebook, Twitter have become so popular over the last few years. New mobile phone models are becoming more and more effective and productive.

With the help of the Internet you can connect with other people wherever they are. The Internet is used for sending receiving e-mails, file sharing, online chats, online gaming, phone and video chats. Today everything is available on the Internet and new technology is being rapidly developed. The Internet is the most powerful and popular means of communication. Nowadays many people, especially my classmates can’t live without the Internet.

11 КЛАСС, ТЕМЫ ДО КОНЦА УЧЕБНОГО ГОДА!

Приблизительные ответы на устную часть экзамена  ANSWERS

11 КЛАСС, ЗАДАНИЕ НА 26.02 - 05.03.

ОТВЕТИТЬ НА ВСЕ ВОПРОСЫ В ТЕЧЕНИЕ НЕДЕЛИ!!! УЧИМ ОТВЕТЫ!!!
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1NToSMlWdFgEsPdxZKpujafKUR3KsRMOc

MASS MEDIA

Like to say that throughout the history people understood that knowledge is power. That’s why people have always been eager to learn. The main source of information for millions of people is mass media. Mass media includes newspapers and magazines, radio and television.

Newspapers and magazines are the oldest and most widespread of the mass media. There are different national and local papers, dailies, weeklies and monthlies. They satisfy different interests and tastes.

Many people still prefer the radio. It’s good to listen to the radio in a car, or in the open air, or when you do something about the house. Listeners can tune into all kinds of stations: pop or classical music, news, sport or foreign radio stations. Besides, radio has fresher news than newspapers. They are informed every half hour.

Nobody will deny that television is the most popular type of mass media. It gives the opportunity to see the best actors, sport matches, to meet famous people. We learn about different countries, people and their customs, traditions, achievements and problems. We watch different talk-shows, TV-games, concerts, feature films and serials. At the end of my story I’d like to say that nowadays you can be informed even if you live in the Sahara desert.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

  Science is creating wonders almost every day. What was once fantasy is now a reality thanks to the recent achievements of scientists.

 I think Electric engineering is the most powerful and exiting science nowadays. I am fond of electric engineering because it influences our lives and every day enters our flats. Picture-tube televisions have turned into LCDs  and Plasma. Computers have given away to laptops and notebooks. The mobiles have turned into a wonderful island of entertainment and communication. Internet has brought the impossible within means. Web has made online education possible through its territories. Cloning, space trips and robots are the miracles of the modern times. All these achievements are very important for us, especially for me, because I can’t live without my computer, MP3 and mobile.

The world knows the names of many great scientists: mathematicians, physicists, biologists, chemists, historians etc. As for me I think Newton was a really great scientist. He is considered the father of modern mathematics: he discovered the law of motion and the universal law of gravitation.

In conclusion I should say that our life is impossible without science and technology.

YOUTH AND SOCIETY

I think that the teenage years are the most wonderful years in our life. At this age we start a new adult life. We get more and more freedom. We can go to parties, discos, cafes, etc. We can have a lot of fun with our friends. We join together in a group to dance, read books, become members of youth organizations or representatives of subculture.

There are a lot of organizations, groups and movements, so young people can find a group or a movement that will suit their interests. The biggest youth organization in Belarus is the BRSM, which include 500,000 young people from 14 till 31. The main aim of this organization is to promote patriotism, involve young people in useful public activities.

Today many young people participate in exchange programmes organized either by schools or youth organizations.

Some young people set up environmental groups and join charity projects. I strongly believe that the initiative of young people should be supported by teachers, schools parents and other organizations.

It’s not easy for a teenager to find their own way of life still being involved in the social life of the country. At the end of my story I’d like to say that the real life is here in the family, in the country we live in.

Great Britain

Great Britain 

The full name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and a great number of small islands. Their total area is over 314 000 sq. km. The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The island of Great Britain consists of three main parts: England, Wales and Scotland.

The population of the United Kingdom is over 58 million people. The capital of the country is London. The United Kingdom is a parliamentary monarchy.

 London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and cultural centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world. London is situated on the river Thames.

The city is very old and beautiful. Traditionally London is divided into several parts: the City, the Westminster, the West End and the East End.

The City is the oldest part of London, its financial and business centre. The Westminster is the aristocratic official part of London. It includes Buckingham Palace, where the Queen lives, and the Houses of Parliament.

The West End is the most beautiful part of London. The best hotels, restaurants, shops, clubs, parks and houses are situated there.

The East End is an industrial district of London. There are many factories and the Port of London there.

Ecological problems

       Ecological problems

Since ancient times Nature has served Man, being the sourse of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with the environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited.

But with the development of civilization man’s interference in nature began to increase.                                                                                                               

Among the most pressing problems are:

1) Global warning (глобальное потепление)

2) Greenhouse effect (парниковый эффект)

3) Littering, water and air pollution (industrial waste-промышленныеотходы)

4) Destruction of natural resources

5) Deforestation

·        Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises have appeared all over the world. Their activity pollutes the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow grain and vegetables.

·        Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with millions of tons of dust.

·        Many cities suffer from smog.

·        Vast forests are cut down and burned in fire. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of rivers and lakes dry up.

In 1986 Belorussian people faced the most horrible man made ecological disaster. About 18 per cent of the territory of Belarus was contaminated (были загрязнены). Today we have a great increase in children cancer and leukemia.

Judging from the statistics:

In Africa and Asia about 80% of all energy comes from wood. The burning the fossil fuels and wood leads to the Greenhouse Effect.

Now, some interesting facts:

1. In central London 40.000 cars every hour use the roads, causing pollution.

2. Growing coffee causes deforestation.

3. Every year around 2 million sea birds die after eating plastic bottles.

4. It costs around $150 million to clean gum off the UK streets. Chewing gum is illegal in Singapore.

Taking everything into consideration, our future looks very sad.

It’s time we asked ourselves a question:

-         “What can I do to protect  nature”?

There are four solutions to the environmental problems: FOUR Rs: REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE, RESPECT

Everyone can do a little to protect the environment:

a) Plant a tree in your yard.

b) Conserve energy.

c) Switch off lights when you leave a room.

d) Take a shower instead of a bath.

e) Prefer to walk, ride the bike.

f) Collect and use rainwater.

g) We should remove factories from cities.

t) Reduce , recycle our wastes.

We should realize that we are all responsible (ответственные) for our planet and we must think about future of the world we live in.

Education

To get knowledge people need education, they need to turn theoretical knowledge into practical skills. Nowadays we can get education at school, college and university. There are also many possibilities for self-education. 

In my view, the main principles of the educational system in Belarus are the priority human values, national culture, scientific basis and support of gifted children. Primary and secondary education is compulsory in our country. The main task of school is to develop a child's personality and talents. Pupils go to school at the age of 6 or 7. The school year lasts from the first of September to the end of May and is divided into 4 terms. The school uniform in our schools is required.

I study at school № 1 in Smorgon. The school building itself is a typical design with ... classrooms , administrative offices, the canteen, 2 gyms and the library.

Our teachers are highly educated people devoted to their work.

We have some school traditions. Every year different concerts, sport competitions, Olympiads are held in our school. We also have the pupils' administration. There are a lot of traditions in our school: subject weeks, "The Autumn Ball", "Maslenitsa".

I should mention my favourite subjects. They are English and History. I'm good at them. Sorry to say, I don't like Math. In conclusion, I must say I'm lucky to study in our school.

Food. National cuisine

Food plays an important role in our life because we can't live without food. Food gives usually necessary vitamins and elements; it reflects our eating habits and even national character. Besides, when you travel, you always try national cuisine to know what people eat, how they cook it and what it tastes like. People of every country have their own cuisine and eating habits.

Let's remember English cuisine. English breakfast is usually a quick meal, so the British eat cornflakes with milk and toast with tea or coffee.

1-2 o'clock is lunch time and the British go to a cafe to have different salads, fish, fruit and tea. People, who prefer to have meals at home, usually eat soup, chicken and vegetables.

Nowadays the British don't have 5 o'clock tea. But at 6 p. m. they have dinner. It is the last meal of the day for most English people. The most typical dinner consists of fish, meat, omelet ['ɔmlɪt], cheese, salads and tea. 

In Belarus people usually eat at home because they prefer home-made food. Home-made food is healthier, tastier and cheaper. 

For breakfast Belarusian people eat bread with butter and cheese, sometimes porridge and sausages.

For dinner we have soup, meat and our national dish - potatoes. Supper is usually eaten at home. It can be porridge, spaghetti, sausages and salad.

What concerns my family, my mum usually cooks for the whole [həul] family. We usually have soup, potatoes, sausages, meat, fish and cakes. I'd like to say that we like Belarusian cuisine and we usually eat nalistniky, porridge and draniki. 

Healthy way of life. Sport

Sport makes us strong, it teaches us to win and to lose. Sport helps us to have a healthy mind in a healthy body. For some people sport is a pleasure or hard work, even business, for others it's a lifestyle.

Many people do their morning exercises, jog in the morning, attend sport sections and clubs. Besides, physical training is a compulsory subject in our schools. We play basketball, football or table tennis. In winter we usually ski. 

I personally can't imagine my life without sport/ I jog in the morning and sometimes play sport games with my friends and go to the swimming pool. I also like to watch the Olympic games, especially figure skating competitions, on TV.

I understand that not only sport helps us to keep fit. Healthy lifestyle is necessary. There is a wise saying "You are what you eat" or " An apple a day keeps the doctor away"; which means that a balanced diet is the best way to get a healthy body. 

We should eat more fresh fruit and vegetables full of vitamins. We should limit the amount of fizzy drinks, alcohol and fast food. It leads to health problems. I personally try to eat only healthy food. I don't eat a lot of meat or fried food. I try to eat porridge, fish, soup, salads. 

In conclusion I'd like to say that today people realize how important it is to stay healthy if they want to be active and successful in life.

(Все материалы взяты из книги Your English Exam Support. Подготовка к экзамену по английскому языку. Сергиенко Н.А. Белый Ветер. 2016. C.36, 15, 16, 19)

Choosing a career [kə'rɪə]

   As you know, our modern world makes a person be flexible and mobile, creative and inventive. Modern life makes a person broaden his horizons [hə'raɪz(ə)nz], use modern technologies and learn foreign ['fɔrɪn] languages ['læŋgwɪʤɪz] . To get knowledge people need education, they need to turn theory into practice. Nowadays good education means a good job. 

   I am leaving school soon and I'm thinking about possible careers and jobs. It's very difficult to choose your future career because there are many alternatives [ɔːl'tɜːnətɪvz] and you don't know where to start.

   Some pupils choose their future profession under the influence of their parents or friends. In my opinion, the final choice should depend on what you are interested in. For me, interesting and creative work is the most important thing. I want to enjoy my work. And at the same time I want to have a well-paid job. 

   I made my choice last year. I want to enter ... . (написать куда поступаете) I'm going to be a ... . или I'd like to be a ... . I have a dream to be a ... . (Кроме этого, добавить предложения из книги с новыми словами из Unit 2, Lesson 1!!!)

 To become a good specialist I should be devoted to my profession. I should be persistent ([pə'sɪst(ə)nt] настойчивый, упорный)  and hard-working.

In conclusion I should say that working hard is the best way throughwich people can be helpful and they can enjoy life.

make - здесь в значении заставлять

(Все материалы взяты из книги Your English Exam Support. Подготовка к экзамену по английскому языку. Сергиенко Н.А. Белый Ветер. 2016. С.37, 38)

Используйте следующие высказывания, чтобы дополнить свои темы:

Family

   There is a wise saying "Blood is thicker than water". It means that our friends are unstable, while our parents and reatives stay with us all our life. in happy, friendly, united families parents are honest with their children. and children try to be honest and loving.

   Each family has its own traditions. My family also has some traditions... We try to spend a lot of time together.My mum cooks something tasty. We drink tea and discuss our daily routine. Every Sunday we have a large family dinner. But my favourite traditions are celebrating family holidays and taking vacations. My family celebrate Easter, Christmas and New Year. I think following family traditions is very important.

   For me my family is the only place where I can find suppor and relaxation.

Friendship

   Friendship plays an important role in our life because we all need friends. Friendship is a million little things: talks, common interests, smiles, having fun and sharing sorrows. Friendship is a great gift.It is necessary to have a person you can rely on. Close friends usually have similar ideas and beliefs. They understand, respect and trust each other. Your best friend helps you when you have problems. 

   I have got a lot of friends, but my best friend is... . He/she is ... .

   I'm proud of having such a friend. I hope that our frienship will last forever.

Weather ['weðə] and climate ['klaɪmət]

   In my view [vjuː], a person's life depends to a certain ['sɜːt(ə)n] degree on the climatic [klaɪ'mætɪk] conditions he lives. English people say "There is no bad weather, there are bad chlothes", but in reality bad weather influences our mood, emotions and physical ['fɪzɪk(ə)l] state [steɪt] (состояние) . 

   Climate ['klaɪmət] isn't the same as weather. Climate ['klaɪmət] shows the average ['æv(ə)rɪʤ] weather conditions over a long period of time. There are different types of climate ['klaɪmət]: tropical, continental [ˌkɔntɪ'nent(ə)l], polar ['pəulə], moderate ['mɔd(ə)rət], etc. Weather is the state of the atmosphere ['ætməsfɪə] over a short period of time. weather can be dry, wet, cold, hot, rainy, stormy, sunny, windy, cloudy.

   British people say that they have no climate, only weather. Britain's weather is very changeable and unpredictable. It's the most popular topic of conversation. As for Belarusian climate ['klaɪmət], it's moderately continental with mild , humid winters, warm summers and damp autumns ['ɔːtəmz] and springs. Belarusian spring and autumn ['ɔːtəm] can be very rainy. But every season is beautiful and plesant in its way.

   Some weather conditions can affect [ə'fekt] our health and mood. High temperatures cause [kɔːz]  stress and heart attacks. Windy or rainy weather can make people feel depressed. Cold weather causes colds. But you should enjoy all kinds [kaɪndz] of weather to be happy. Just choose the right clothes and enjoy any kind [kaɪnd] of weather.

(Все материалы взяты из книги Your English Exam Support. Подготовка к экзамену по английскому языку. Сергиенко Н.А. Белый Ветер. 2016. С. 5,6,12,13,84, 85)